Rated Voltage: The rated voltage of this cable is clearly 300/500V, which has a clear definition. In AC electrical systems, the rated voltage between conductors is 300V, and the rated voltage between a conductor and the ground is 500V. This voltage design enables it to perfectly adapt to various low-voltage distribution systems, whether it is the Internal Wiring of family residences, or the low-voltage power supply circuits of commercial places and small industrial facilities, it can meet the basic voltage requirements and provide safe and stable power support for electrical equipment.
Conductor Specifications: The conductor adopts a solid copper structure, which is a significant difference from multi-strand Stranded Conductors. Its cross-sectional area has various common specifications, such as 0.75mm², 1mm², 1.5mm², 2.5mm², etc., to adapt to different current-carrying requirements. Conductors with different cross-sectional areas have differences in conductivity. At a standard ambient temperature of 20°C, the maximum resistance of a 0.75mm² conductor does not exceed 24.5Ω/km; that of a 1mm² conductor does not exceed 18.1Ω/km; that of a 1.5mm² conductor does not exceed 12.1Ω/km; and that of a 2.5mm² conductor does not exceed 7.41Ω/km. These strict resistance limits ensure that the loss of current during transmission is at a low level, improving the efficiency of power transmission. At the same time, the solid Copper Conductor has good structural stability and can maintain stable conductivity during long-term use.
Insulation Layer Parameters: The insulation layer is made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material, and its thickness is adjusted according to the cross-sectional area of the conductor, usually in the range of 0.5-1.0mm. For 0.75mm² and 1mm² conductors, the insulation layer thickness is generally 0.5-0.6mm; for 1.5mm² and 2.5mm² conductors, the insulation layer thickness is 0.6-1.0mm. Uniform insulation thickness is the key to ensuring electrical insulation performance, which can effectively isolate current and prevent short circuits and leakage accidents. At room temperature, the insulation resistance of the cable's insulation layer is greater than 100MΩ·km. This high-performance index ensures that the cable can effectively prevent current leakage during long-term use, ensuring the safe operation of the electrical system.
Cable Outer Diameter: The outer diameter of the cable is determined by the cross-sectional area of the conductor and the thickness of the insulation layer. The outer diameter of a 0.75mm² cable is approximately 1.8-2.2mm; that of a 1mm² cable is approximately 2.0-2.4mm; that of a 1.5mm² cable is approximately 2.2-2.6mm; and that of a 2.5mm² cable is approximately 2.5-3.0mm. The reasonable outer diameter design allows the cable to easily pass through various conventional conduits, whether in walls, ceiling interlayers, or under floors and other narrow spaces, and can be laid smoothly, providing convenience for construction and installation.
Operating Temperature Range: The operating temperature range of the cable is usually -15°C to 70°C. Within this temperature range, both the conductor and the insulation layer of the cable can maintain stable physical and chemical properties, and there will be no significant performance degradation due to temperature changes. It can work normally even in cold winters or hot summers, adapting to the climatic conditions of different regions and seasons.
Bending Radius: Considering the needs of construction and installation, the cable has certain bending performance. Its minimum bending radius is generally not less than 4 times the outer diameter of the cable. This parameter ensures that the cable can be properly bent according to actual needs during laying without damaging the conductor and insulation layer, ensuring that the service life of the cable is not affected.
Residential Field:
Lighting Branch Lines: In family residences, the branch wiring of lighting systems widely uses this cable. Lighting fixtures such as chandeliers, ceiling lamps, downlights, and spotlights in living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and other areas have relatively low power, usually ranging from a few watts to tens of watts. Cables of 0.75mm² or 1mm² specifications can fully meet their power supply needs. The stability of the solid copper conductor makes the lighting lines less prone to failures during long-term use, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of home lighting.
Fixed Wiring for Small Household Appliances: For some fixed-installed small household appliances, such as wall-mounted air conditioners (low-power), set-top boxes, routers, wall-mounted electric heaters, etc., their power supply lines often use this cable of 1mm² or 1.5mm² specifications. These household appliances are relatively fixed in position and do not need to be moved frequently. The structural stability and good conductivity of the solid copper conductor can provide reliable power support for them, ensuring the normal operation of the household appliances.
Weak Current Line Connection: Weak current systems in homes, such as telephone lines, cable TV lines, and network lines, although transmitting signals rather than strong electricity, also require stable lines for connection. The 0.75mm² specification of this cable, due to its small size and stable insulation performance, is often used as the transmission carrier for these weak current lines to ensure stable signal transmission.
Commercial Field:
Office Wiring: The lighting systems and power supply lines of small office equipment in offices widely use this cable. For example, lighting equipment such as fluorescent lamps and LED lamps in office areas, as well as small office equipment such as computers, printers, copiers, and fax machines, have moderate power. Cables of 1mm² and 1.5mm² specifications can meet their electricity needs. At the same time, telephone, network, and other weak current system lines in offices also mostly use this cable to ensure smooth office communication and networks.
Small Shops: Small supermarkets, convenience stores, clothing stores, restaurants, and other small shops often use this cable of 1.5mm² or 2.5mm² specifications for the power supply lines of their lighting, cash register equipment, and small display lights. These places have relatively concentrated electrical equipment but low power. This cable can adapt to their electricity environment and ensure the normal operation of the shops.
Hotel Rooms: The power supply lines of lighting, televisions, air conditioners (low-power), chargers, and other equipment in hotel rooms mostly use this cable of 1mm² or 1.5mm² specifications. Its stable performance and good insulation can provide a safe and comfortable electricity environment for guests.
Industrial Field:
Control Circuits: In small industrial equipment, many control circuits composed of control components such as relays, contactors, and sensors have small working currents. This cable of 1.5mm² or 2.5mm² specifications can be used as a connecting line. Its stable conductivity and insulation performance can ensure the accurate transmission of control signals, ensuring the normal operation and operational safety of the equipment.
Instrument Connection: Various instruments and meters used in industrial production, such as pressure gauges, thermometers, flow meters, etc., need stable lines for signal transmission and power supply. The 0.75mm² or 1mm² specification of this cable, due to its small size and stable performance, is an ideal choice for the connecting lines of these instruments and meters, ensuring the measurement accuracy and normal operation of the instruments and meters.
Agricultural Facilities Field:
Small Greenhouse Lighting: In small greenhouses, in order to ensure the growth of crops, it is necessary to install lighting equipment, such as plant growth lamps. These lighting equipment have low power. This cable of 0.75mm² or 1mm² specifications can be used as a power supply line to provide stable lighting power for the greenhouse.
Power Supply for Small Irrigation Equipment: Some small irrigation water pumps, solenoid valves, and other equipment have low power. This cable of 1.5mm² specification can meet their power supply needs, ensuring the normal operation of irrigation equipment and the irrigation water for crops.
Conductor Material: The conductor is made of high-purity solid copper, with a purity usually above 99.9%. High-purity copper has excellent conductivity, which is the basis for ensuring efficient current transmission by the cable. It can effectively reduce energy loss during current transmission and improve power utilization efficiency. At the same time, the solid copper structure endows the conductor with good mechanical strength, making it not easy to break during installation and use, and able to withstand certain installation stresses, such as tension during bending and fixing. In addition, copper has relatively stable chemical properties, is not easy to be oxidized and corroded in normal use environments, can maintain good conductivity for a long time, and prolongs the service life of the cable.
Insulation Material: The insulation layer uses polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material, which is an excellent synthetic polymer material. PVC material has excellent electrical insulation performance, which can effectively isolate current, prevent current leakage and short-circuit accidents, and provide reliable guarantee for the safe operation of the electrical system. It also has good wear resistance, which can resist external friction and collision during cable laying, installation, and use, protecting the internal copper conductor from damage. At the same time, PVC material has certain chemical corrosion resistance, can resist the erosion of various chemical substances such as acids, alkalis, salts, and oils to a certain extent, and is suitable for use in environments with slight chemical pollution. In addition, PVC material has certain flame retardancy. When encountering an open flame, its burning speed is slow and it can self-extinguish, thereby reducing the risk of fire spread and gaining valuable time for personnel evacuation and fire fighting.
Style Design:
Color Options: The insulation layer of the cable usually has a variety of colors to choose from, commonly including black, white, red, blue, yellow, green, etc. Different colors have different identification meanings, which is convenient for distinguishing the purpose of the cable during circuit installation and maintenance. For example, red and yellow are generally used as live wires, blue and black as neutral wires, and yellow-green bicolor as Ground Wires. Clear color identification can help electricians quickly and accurately identify the function of the cable, reduce the risk of incorrect connection, and improve construction efficiency and the safety of the electrical system.
Appearance: The cable is cylindrical overall, with a simple and compact structure. Due to its single core solid structure, its appearance is relatively regular, with a smooth and flat surface, and no redundant protrusions or depressions. This simple appearance design allows the cable to pass through conduits smoothly during laying, reducing frictional resistance, and is also convenient for cleaning and maintenance, not easy to accumulate dust and dirt.
Identification Information: On the surface of the cable's insulation layer, in accordance with the requirements of relevant industry standards, clear identification information is printed. This information includes the cable's model, specification (such as 0.75mm², 1mm², etc.), rated voltage (300/500V), implementation standard, manufacturer's name or trademark, production date, etc. These marks not only facilitate users to identify and confirm product information when purchasing but also provide an important basis for cable quality traceability and after-sales service, ensuring product traceability and quality reliability.
Copper Rod Melting: First, high-purity electrolytic copper raw materials are put into a melting furnace for melting. During the melting process, it is necessary to accurately control the temperature in the furnace, generally controlling the temperature at around 1083°C, which is the melting point temperature of copper, to ensure that the copper raw materials can be completely melted into a uniform copper liquid. At the same time, it is necessary to remove impurities from the copper liquid, such as oxides and sulfides, to ensure the purity of the copper liquid. The melted copper liquid needs to be left standing to allow bubbles and impurities to further float up, improving the quality of the copper liquid.
Casting and Forming: The purified copper liquid is introduced into a continuous casting and rolling machine and cast into a solid copper rod blank through a mold. The diameter of the copper rod blank is determined according to the specifications of the Cable Conductor to be produced later, generally 8mm, 10mm, etc. During the casting process, it is necessary to control the casting and rolling speed and cooling speed to ensure that the structure of the copper rod blank is uniform and dense, with good mechanical properties and conductivity. The cast copper rod blank needs to be cooled to room temperature for further processing.
Copper Rod Drawing: The cooled copper rod blank is drawn through a wire drawing machine to draw the thick copper rod into a solid copper conductor of the required diameter. The wire drawing process is to gradually thin the copper rod through a series of dies with different apertures, and each drawing can reduce the diameter of the copper rod by a certain extent. During the wire drawing process, it is necessary to accurately control the drawing speed, tension, and mold temperature. The drawing speed is generally adjusted according to the material of the copper rod and the required diameter, and the tension should be uniform to avoid breaking or deformation of the copper rod during drawing. The temperature of the mold should also be controlled within an appropriate range to prevent the performance of the copper conductor from being affected by excessive temperature. The drawn solid copper conductor needs to be surface-treated to remove the oxide layer and oil stains on the surface, ensuring that the conductor surface is smooth and clean.
Insulation Layer Extrusion: The drawn solid copper conductor is fed into the head of the extruder, and at the same time, PVC Insulation Material (usually granular) is added to the hopper of the extruder. PVC particles go through processes such as heating, melting, and plasticizing in the extruder to become a molten PVC melt. Then, the PVC melt is uniformly extruded through the die of the head and wrapped around the outer layer of the solid copper conductor to form an insulation layer. During the extrusion process, it is necessary to accurately control parameters such as extrusion temperature, screw speed, and traction speed. The extrusion temperature is set according to the characteristics of the PVC material, generally between 160-190°C, to ensure that the PVC melt has good fluidity and plasticizing effect. The screw speed and traction speed should be matched to ensure that the thickness of the insulation layer is uniform and has a high concentricity with the conductor. The thickness of the insulation layer must be strictly controlled within the design range to meet the requirements of electrical insulation performance and mechanical performance.
Cooling and Solidification: The extruded cable immediately enters a cooling water tank for cooling treatment. The water temperature in the cooling water tank is generally controlled between 20-30°C. Through the action of cold water, the PVC Insulation layer wrapped around the conductor is quickly cooled and solidified into the required shape. The cooling process adopts a segmented cooling method, first using water at a lower temperature for preliminary cooling, then gradually increasing the water temperature to avoid internal stress or cracks in the insulation layer due to too fast cooling. The cooled cable insulation layer should have a certain hardness and elasticity, feeling smooth and tough to the touch.
Spark Test: To test the electrical insulation performance of the cable's insulation layer, the cooled cable needs to undergo a spark test. The cable is driven by a traction device to pass through a high-voltage electrode, and a high-voltage electric field is generated between the electrode and the cable. If there are defects such as pinholes and cracks in the insulation layer, the high-voltage electricity will break down the defective part and generate sparks. At this time, the equipment will automatically send an alarm signal, and the operator will promptly mark the defective cable for repair or rejection. The spark test can effectively detect tiny defects in the insulation layer, ensuring that the insulation performance of the cable meets relevant standard requirements and improving the safety of cable use.
Take-up and Packaging: The cables that pass the spark test are pulled to the take-up machine and wound according to the specified length (such as 100 meters, 200 meters, 500 meters, etc.). During the take-up process, it is necessary to control the take-up tension to make the cable wound neatly and tightly, avoiding looseness, distortion, or knotting. After winding, the cable is packaged. Usually, plastic film is used to wrap the cable. For long-length cables, they are wound on plastic reels or wooden shafts and then packaged as a whole. The package is printed with clear product information and logos, such as product model, specification, length, rated voltage, manufacturer, etc., facilitating product storage, transportation, and sales.
Packaging Materials:
Plastic Reels: For long-length cables (such as 500 meters, 1000 meters), plastic reels are usually used for packaging. Plastic reels are generally made of high-strength polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) materials. These materials offer lightweight properties while maintaining high strength, corrosion resistance, and impact resistance. The reel features a circular shaft hole in the center, facilitating easy handling with mechanical devices during both winding and unwinding processes. Both sides of the reel are equipped with baffles, the height of which is designed according to the cable's outer diameter and length. These baffles effectively prevent the cable from slipping off the reel during transportation and storage, thus protecting the cable ends from damage.
Wooden Spools: Some long-length cables are also packaged using wooden spools. These spools are typically crafted from high-quality pine or fir wood, which undergoes drying treatment to achieve high strength and stability, enabling them to bear substantial weight. Wooden spools are relatively cost-effective and environmentally friendly, as they are recyclable. Similar to plastic reels, wooden spools are structured with a shaft hole and baffles to provide reliable protection for the cable.
Cartons: For short-length cables (such as 10 meters, 20 meters, 50 meters, 100 meters), cartons are the common packaging choice. The cartons are made of high-strength corrugated paper, with the number of layers (usually three or five) selected based on the cable's weight and length to ensure sufficient compression resistance and moisture resistance. The interior of the carton is often lined with moisture-proof paper or bubble wrap to further enhance protection for the cable, preventing damage due to collisions during transportation.
Plastic Film: Regardless of whether the cable is packaged with reels or cartons, the outer layer of the cable is wrapped with a layer of plastic film. This plastic film boasts excellent moisture-proof and dust-proof properties, effectively safeguarding the cable from moisture erosion and dust contamination during transportation and storage, thus keeping the cable clean and dry and ensuring its performance remains unaffected.
Packaging Methods:
Reel Packaging: Long-length cables are neatly wound around plastic reels or wooden spools. During the winding process, the tension is controlled by a wire winding machine to ensure the cable is arranged tightly and evenly without overlapping, twisting, or loosening. After winding, the entire reel and cable are tightly wrapped with plastic film and secured with tape to prevent the plastic film from loosening. Product labels are affixed to the baffles on both sides of the reel, containing detailed information such as the cable's model, specification, length, rated voltage, execution standard, manufacturer, and production date.
Carton Packaging: Short-length cables are coiled into circles or ellipses and placed in corresponding cartons. To prevent the cable from shaking inside the carton, buffer materials such as foam blocks and bubble wrap are filled around the cable. The carton lid is then closed and sealed tightly with tape. Product labels with the same information as those on the reel packaging are printed or pasted on the surface of the carton.
Packaging Labels: The label information on the packaging is clear and standardized, complying with the requirements of relevant standards. In addition to basic product information, warning signs such as "Keep away from sunlight", "Protect from rain", "Handle with care", and "Do not stack heavily" may also be printed. These signs remind transportation and storage personnel to operate correctly, avoiding damage to the cable due to improper handling. Meanwhile, the manufacturer's contact information is indicated on the label, facilitating users' consultation and communication.
Transportation Methods:
Road Transportation: This is a commonly used transportation method for the cable, suitable for medium and short-distance transportation. Road transportation offers high Flexibility and speed, and can provide door-to-door service. The transport vehicles are usually trucks, and the carriage must be kept clean, dry, and flat, free from sharp objects and corrosive substances. For reel-packaged cables, they should be firmly fixed in the carriage using ropes or brackets to prevent rolling during transportation; for carton-packaged cables, they should be stacked neatly, with the stacking height controlled to avoid excessive pressure on the lower layers.
Railway Transportation: It is suitable for long-distance and large-volume transportation of the cable. Railway transportation has the advantages of large transportation capacity, low cost, and good stability, which can reduce the impact of bumps and vibrations during transportation on the cable. The cables are usually transported in containers or covered wagons. Container transportation can provide a better protective environment, preventing the cable from being affected by external factors such as rain and dust.
Waterway Transportation: Mainly used for long-distance transportation across regions or countries, especially for large quantities of exported cables. Waterway transportation has low cost but a long transportation cycle. During waterway transportation, the cable must be stored in the cabin to avoid exposure to the open air, preventing erosion from rain, seawater, etc. It is also necessary to fix the cable firmly to prevent collision and damage caused by ship shaking.
Transportation Precautions:
Loading and Unloading: During loading and unloading, mechanical equipment (such as cranes, forklifts) or manual handling can be used, but rough operations such as throwing, dropping, or dragging are strictly prohibited. For reel-packaged cables, special lifting tools should be used to hook the shaft hole of the reel for lifting and moving, avoiding damage to the reel and the cable. For carton-packaged cables, they should be lifted from the bottom to prevent the carton from breaking and the cable from falling.
Environmental Protection: During transportation, the cable should be protected from harsh environmental conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, strong sunlight, and heavy rain. In hot summer, sunshade nets can be used to cover the cable to prevent the PVC insulation layer from aging and cracking due to high temperature; in rainy days, waterproof cloth should be used to cover the cable to prevent moisture. In cold winter, for areas with extremely low temperatures, thermal insulation measures can be taken if necessary to avoid embrittlement of the insulation layer caused by excessive cold.
Prohibition of Mixed Loading: The cable must not be mixed with flammable, explosive, corrosive, or toxic substances for transportation to prevent accidents such as fire, explosion, or cable contamination. If it is necessary to transport with other goods, effective isolation measures must be taken, such as using partitions or separate compartments.
Transportation Documentation: Complete transportation documents must be prepared during transportation, including waybills, packing lists, product quality certificates, etc. The documents should clearly indicate the product name, specification, quantity, origin, destination, consignor, consignee, and other information to ensure smooth customs clearance and delivery.
Order Confirmation: After receiving the user's order, the manufacturer's sales staff should confirm the order details with the user in a timely manner, including the cable's specification (0.75mm², 1mm², 1.5mm², 2.5mm², etc.), quantity, delivery address, delivery time, packaging requirements, and payment method. For special requirements put forward by the user, such as customized lengths or special packaging marks, in-depth communication is needed to ensure that both parties reach a consensus.
Inventory Check: According to the confirmed order information, the warehouse staff will check the inventory. If the inventory is sufficient, they will arrange for goods preparation immediately; if the inventory is insufficient, they will notify the production department to arrange production as soon as possible to ensure that the goods can be delivered within the agreed time. During the inventory check, the staff must carefully check the cable's model, specification, production date, and packaging status to ensure that the delivered products are qualified.
Goods Preparation and Inspection: The warehouse staff will pick the corresponding cables according to the order requirements and conduct a comprehensive inspection of the products. The inspection contents include whether the cable's appearance is intact (no damage to the insulation layer, no deformation of the conductor), whether the packaging is intact, whether the label information is clear and consistent with the order, etc. If any unqualified products are found, they must be replaced in a timely manner.
Delivery Arrangement: The logistics department will select a suitable transportation method and logistics company according to the delivery address, quantity, and urgency. They will sign a transportation contract with the logistics company to clarify the rights, obligations, and liability for compensation in case of damage. After the goods are shipped, the logistics information (such as logistics company name, waybill number, estimated arrival time) will be fed back to the user promptly, so that the user can track the logistics status.
Delivery Follow-up: After the goods are delivered, the manufacturer's staff will track the logistics information in real-time. If there is a delay in delivery, damage to the goods, or other abnormal situations, they will communicate with the logistics company and the user in a timely manner to solve the problem. After the user receives the goods and confirms that they are correct, the delivery process is completed.
Sample Application: Users can apply for samples through the manufacturer's official website, phone calls, emails, or other channels. When applying, users need to provide basic information such as contact person, contact number, company name, and delivery address, and specify the required cable specifications and quantity. Generally, manufacturers provide free samples, but users need to bear the sample transportation cost.
Sample Preparation: After receiving the user's sample application, the manufacturer will arrange for sample preparation. The samples are taken from the same batch of qualified products as the formal products to ensure that the samples' performance is consistent with the batch products. The length of each sample is usually 1-5 meters, which is sufficient for users to conduct tests such as appearance inspection, size measurement, and conductivity testing.
Sample Delivery: The prepared samples are packaged and delivered to the user through a suitable logistics method (such as express delivery). The packaging of the samples should be intact to avoid damage during transportation. The sample delivery information will be notified to the user, including the express company and waybill number.
Sample Feedback: After receiving the samples, users can conduct relevant tests and evaluations. If users have any questions or suggestions about the samples, the manufacturer's technical staff will provide professional answers and explanations. The user's feedback on the samples is also an important reference for the manufacturer to improve products and services.
Quality Guarantee: The manufacturer provides a quality guarantee period for the cable, usually 1-3 years from the date of delivery. During the guarantee period, if the cable has quality problems (such as insulation layer cracking, conductor breakage, etc.) due to manufacturing defects, which affect normal use, users can apply for repair, replacement, or return with the purchase invoice and product certificate. The manufacturer will verify the problem and handle it in a timely manner according to the actual situation.
Technical Support: Users can consult the manufacturer's technical staff for technical problems encountered in the process of installing, using, and maintaining the cable. Technical staff will provide professional guidance and solutions through phone calls, emails, video conferences, or on-site services, such as providing installation specifications, answering questions about cable selection and use, and troubleshooting.
Complaint Handling: If users are dissatisfied with the product quality or service, they can file a complaint with the manufacturer's after-sales department. The after-sales department will record the complaint content in detail, conduct an investigation and verification, and give a clear reply and handling plan within 3-5 working days. For reasonable complaints, the manufacturer will take active measures to make up for the user's losses.
Regular Return Visit: The manufacturer will conduct regular return visits to users who have purchased the cable, understand the use of the cable, collect user opinions and suggestions on the product and service, and use them as a basis for product improvement and service optimization. Regular return visits can enhance communication with users, improve user satisfaction, and establish a good corporate image.
Hongtai Cable Technology Co.,Ltd
E-mail:export@qlcables.com
sales@qlcables.com
Tel/whatsapp:+86-18032066271
ADD：Xiaokou Industrial Development Zone, Ningjin County, Xingtai City，Hebei Province, China
Copyright © Hongtai Cable Technology Co.,Ltd Technical Support: Ronglida Technology
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